737MAX的地扰控制故障

2023年5月,有MAX飞机反应MAINT灯亮。

状态信息1为SPOILER CONTROL CHANNEL ,相应维护信息为27-01330 GROUND SPOILER OUTPUT DRIVER SIGNAL IS OUT OF RANGE Detected by: SPOILER CONTROL ELECTRONICS (SCE);

状态信息2为GROUND SPOILER CONTROL,相应维护信息为27-01220 GROUND SPOILER CONTROL MODULE IS NOT IN COMMANDED POSITION Detected by: SPOILER CONTROL ELECTRONICS (SCE)。

复位P18-1 B4 和P6-1 A16跳开关故障依旧,整机断电后重新上电,故障依旧,27 – Spoiler Control, SYSTEM TEST, Ground Spoilers测试时发现地面扰流板升不起来,27 – Spoiler Control, OPERATIONAL TEST, SCE Test测试通过。

27-01330 GROUND SPOILER OUTPUT DRIVER SIGNAL IS OUT OF RANGEDetected by: SPOILER CONTROL ELECTRONICS (SCE)的可能性故障部件为:

(a)The ground spoiler control module, M2988.

(b)The ground spoiler control relay, R1169.

(c)The spoiler control electronics, M2940

(d)The problem with the wiring.

27-01220 GROUND SPOILER CONTROL MODULE IS NOT IN COMMANDED POSITION Detected by: SPOILER CONTROL ELECTRONICS (SCE)的可能性故障部件为:

(a)The ground spoiler control relay, R1169.

(b)The spoiler control electronics, M2940

(c)The ground spoiler control module, M2988.

(d)The problem with the wiring.

从故障信息看,SCE取的是GSCM的预位和控制电磁线圈的电流值,用于监控是否在可控范围。当不在范围时,就给出相关警告。从排故结果看,是R1169故障导致的。符合IFIM中关于27-01220的故障可能排序。SCE自检测试能通过,也表明SCE是没有问题的。关于GSCM内部液路作动原理课参看另外一篇关于扰流板无法收回的说明。

截止2023年6月,波音全球的统计数据如下

RECOMMENDATION:
27-02790 SPOILER FAULT OUTPUT DRIVER SIGNAL IS OUT OF RANGE:
Operators have reported SPOILER CONTROL CHANNEL status messages. Boeing finds these messages may occur during power up, often with maintenance message 27-02790.

To minimize the chance of dispatch delay, Boeing recommends to perform the following FIM based maintenance checks for occurrence of SPOILER CONTROL CHANNEL status message with MMsg 27-02790 (SPOILER FAULT OUTPUT DRIVER SIGNAL IS OUT OF RANGE):
– Use the OMF to perform the ground test 27 – Spoiler Control OPERATIONAL TEST, SCE Test.
-Refer to AMM Task 27-61-45-730-801 – Spoiler Control Electronics Self – Test.
-Note that the SCE ground test requires the Master Dim and Test (MD&T) be in the bright (BRT) position.
-Confirm the MMsg 27-02790 is cleared by the Ops Test.
-If cleared, the system is OK for dispatch.
-If the fault is still active, use FIM Task 27-61-00-810-922 to troubleshoot and diagnose the issue.

MEL dispatch relief is available for SPOILER CONTROL CHANNEL.
MEL 27-61-01-01 should be reviewed for applicability.

MITIGATION:
27-02790 SPOILER FAULT OUTPUT DRIVER SIGNAL IS OUT OF RANGE:
Boeing and the SCE supplier (BAE) are investigating the root cause of this message and assessing the appropriate Spoiler Control Electronics software change(s) to appropriately address these faults.

737MAX”ENG 1 0IL DEBRIS SENSOR”状态信息

2023年5月有飞机在关车后,出现“ENG 1 0IL DEBRIS SENSOR”状态信息,含义如下:

The EEC will set this message when the oil debris monitoring system (DMS) sensor is failed for 5 seconds.(a)This fault is only detected and annunciated by channel B.

代码为71-09001 “ONBOARD MAINTENANCE FUNCTION HAS NO INPUT FROM ENGINE-1 EEC”,737MAX-FTD-71-22002对该信息做过说明,如果将EEC置于TEST模式,则可以清除故障。同时波音建议如果发现MAINT灯亮,波音建议运营人
不要将MAINT灯与维护信息71-09001与/71-09011联系到一起,并采取进一步的排故来寻找MAINT灯亮的来源。

实际操作中,检查DMS都是0,给EEC通电后,维护信息消失。

状态信息,也可以参考MEL保留放行。

备注:该信息,AHM未有记录。由于改信息发生在关车后,同时结合71-09001维护信息,磁堵状态信息的出现,我们的理解是EEC断电时,使用EEC作为激励供电的断电次序引起的。可以考虑第一次不做排故当再次出现磁堵的信息时,对传EEC,和更换传感器。

后续:隔离位传感器故障。但排故过程较为曲折,因为第一次更换的传感器为故障件,后续又更换了EEC,量线等工作。

737MAX 反推铰链整流罩气动封严损伤

自有案例+FTD+SL+RDR

2023年5月,有MAX飞机反映反推铰链整流罩气动封严损伤,如下图所示:

波音737MAX-FTD-78-18001对该问题做了说明,波音已经收到了反推铰链整流罩气动封严外层帆布sailcloth cover 早期磨损的报告。反推铰链整流罩气动密封外层是一层帆布,当反推铰链横梁整流罩在维护检查期间打开和关闭时,它可以使反推铰链横梁整流罩密封平稳地滑动到吊架整流罩下。当帆布磨损或丢失时,反推和飞机的功能不受影响。波音与反推供应商(Spirit)和封严供应商(Meggit)联合调查了帆布脱落、磨损和/或失踪的报告。2022年7月版FTD适用于全机队,在此之前的FTD有如下说明,表明工艺改进并不成功。我司自有案例也发现了线号7181的飞机存在分层。

报告显示,封严供应商实施了制造工艺改进,以获得更好的织物与密封件主体的附着力, 件号不变。线号6535及之前, 按原工艺制造。线号6535~6881,部分用新部分用旧。线号6881及以上都是新工艺。如果帆布损坏,可以报SR,波音提供最多12个月的临时处理。

波音发布了737-SL-78-087服务函,为6881号线之前的飞机提供了有时间限制的维修选项,运行中的飞机可以直接参考该SL执行临时处理(经过沟通,波音表示将修改SL扩大到与FTD统一的范围)。对于超出6881线号的飞机,波音是采用提供RDR(Repair and Deviation Record)的方式来增加适用性(我司全机队飞机已获取)。

参考737-SL-78-087,波音提供的临时处理方案为:

Operators who find thrust reverser hinge fairing aerodynamic seals with degraded, delaminated, frayed or damaged sailcloth covers on aircraft prior to line position 6881 may temporarily trim the delaminated sailcloth. Trimming the delaminated or frayed sailcloth cover will slow the further delamination of the cover from the seal. The following procedure can be used to temporarily trim the damaged sailcloth:

  1. Do this task: Thrust Reverser Deactivation for Ground Maintenance per reference d) AMM.
  2. Use a ladder or suitable work platform to access the thrust reverser hinge fairing.
  3. Use a sharp knife to trim and remove the damaged sailcloth from the aerodynamic seal.
  4. Do this task: Thrust Reverser Activation After Ground Maintenance per reference e) AMM.
  5. Return the airplane to service for a period not to exceed twelve (12) months.
  6. At a convenient maintenance opportunity within twelve (12) months, replace the aerodynamic seal.

737MAX启动慢故障

2023年4月,有飞机反应右发N2上升慢、EGT偏高。译码起动好后右发EGT最高700,其他基本在680左右,左右组件关闭未见异常。依据FIM71-00-00-810-949完成IPCV检查,结果无异常,脱开右发PS3管,检查有水汽,使用氮气吹除,在维护页面检查组件活门和电门位置一致,完成右发系统测试,EEC测试,结果PASS,完成右发作动器操作测试,结果PASS,完成右发慢车测试。参数无异常。

737MAX出现PM维护信息的处置

SR 3-5619607716

机队中多架飞机均出现36-21020 MANIFOLD DUCT PRESSURE SENSOR 1 SIGNAL IS OUT OF RANGE信息,通常完成功能测试后均可清除信息。由于在相关公开资料未对该普遍性问题进行说明,就此与波音做了沟通。

从AHM监控到的维护信息36-21020的出现节点,发现它均为在发动机启动或通电阶段,如下图:

波音认为该维护信息的出现,符合IFIM手册36-21-00-810-803 A(2)中描述的触发条件。这是一个与歧管压力传感器1(PM1传感器)零压力故障逻辑相关的已知虚假信息。在这种情况下,波音公司不建议更换PM1传感器。可以通过执行电气LRU更换测试来清除故障,因此无需采取进一步的维护措施。

For airplanes that have an integrated air system controller with part number 51090322-002, this message can show when all of these conditions are true:

(a)The APU is supplying electrical power.

(b)The APU bleed valve is off.

(c)The ground cart is not connected.

(d)Both engines have been off for at least 5 minutes.

(e)The pneumatic manifold has low pressure, but >6 psig, usually caused by permitted leakage through the APU bleed valve.

波音同时提出,为了更清晰的说明这类虚假信息,将在下一版更新IFIM 36-21-00-810-803/36-21-00-810-804步骤A(2)中的描述。明确说明该情况是一个假信息,如果在执行LRU更换测试后故障清除,则不需要更换PM1传感器。

同时PM1传感器零压力故障逻辑会在下一个IASC软件版本中进行修订,以防止出现这种假信息的出现。有关IASC的软件更新进展,请参阅737MAX-FTD-36-19001。

提示:

1、从逻辑理解,基本上就是在APU停止供气,发动机还没有启动前的这段时间,如果APU引气活门有少量漏气,就被认为PM感受存在漂移。因此如果某个信息频繁在发动机启动或者电源转换阶段发生,建议先更换APU引气活门。

2、此类虚假故障的触发时机一般发生在Power-On或Engine Start阶段,不能通过对串IASC来判断故障。因为锁存的故障信息会存储在IASC的储存器内,并随串件而转移,从而会让我们误以为故障源是IASC。

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